Tiny satellites

The BBC has an article by Richard Hollingham about space:

A swarm of a hundred tiny satellites is poised to launch into orbit, owned by schoolchildren and space enthusiasts. As I type this, there’s a satellite sitting on the desk in front of me. You might wonder how it fits there, but this spacecraft is little bigger than a postage stamp, and around the width of a slice of processed cheese. Two wires protrude from the side and the word KickSat is written across its surface at a jaunty angle.
It may not look much like a typical spacecraft, but next month, a hundred miniature satellites like this one will be blasted into orbit.
The KickSat project was conceived by Zac Manchester, a graduate student at Cornell University in New York. He raised the money, more than seventy thousand dollars, through the Kickstarter crowd-funding website to enable people to have their own personal spacecraft, known as a sprite.
There has been tremendous interest in this ambitious mission. It was one of the first stories I covered in this column, and here at BBC Future we have been following it for the past two years. “The idea is to make space super-cheap and as accessible to as many people as possible,” explains Manchester. “Substantially cheaper, smaller, and easier than anything that’s flown into space before.”
Getting to this point, however, has proven far more difficult than Manchester ever expected. It’s also required careful thinking about how to safely launch a hundred tiny bits of potential space debris without them posing a danger to bigger orbiting spacecraft.
The KickSat mission consists of a 6.6 pound shoebox-sized mothership, loaded with four stacks of the tiny individual sprite satellites. The mothership is scheduled to launch on 22 February 2014, squeezed into a Falcon 9 rocket alongside an International Space Station (ISS) Dragon supply capsule. “There’s typically a bunch of space left– little nooks and crannies– and you can hitch a ride for not a lot of money,” explains Manchester In this case, NASA is flying Kicksat for free as part of its Educational Launch of Nanosatellites program.
Once in orbit, the Falcon 9 will release the Dragon towards the ISS and, a few minutes later, pop the KickSat mothership into orbit. The slight delay is to avoid a space debris disaster like the movie Gravity. It’d be a risk if a hundred tiny satellites end up pinging around the world at high speed in exactly the same orbit as the space station. The mothership will spend at least seven days in orbit before the sprites themselves are released. “There are some space debris mitigation concerns,” admits Manchester, “but we’ve worked with the ISS Program Office to make sure it’s safe for the ISS.” The sprites’ orbit is so low that they will only survive for around three days before the upper atmosphere drags them to destruction.
Some of the sprites will do little more than beep, like the original Sputnik, others will transmit identification codes, and some will even be used for science. Those fitted with magnetometers– like the ones that provide your smartphone compass– will transmit data about the Earth’s magnetic field. Others will send back information on temperature, orientation or radiation.
Anyone with the right equipment, and a bit of know-how, will be able to follow all the spacecraft from the ground. “What we’ve been able to do with KickSat is tap into the developments in consumer electronics,” says Manchester, “We’re using a lot of the components developed for smartphones to make these tiny satellites possible.”
Although developing the technology was certainly a challenge, the toughest part of the mission has been wading through the necessary paperwork. “I didn’t fully grasp how much bureaucracy there would be,” Manchester confesses. “I learned the saying from NASA that you have to have at least as much weight in paperwork as your satellite weighs before you can get it launched. And that’s definitely true.”
Indeed, paperwork headaches stopped BBC Future sending its own satellite to space. Due to a mix-up, the particular sprite we had planned was not loaded into the mothership (in case you are wondering, it’s not the one on my desk; that’s a copy). Happily, we are teaming up with a group based in the east of England– the East Anglian Amateur Radio Observatory– to track their sprite.
So next month, we’ll be nervously watching the launch, along with thousands of people around the world: students, schoolchildren, radio hams, and space enthusiasts. For most of them, this will be the first space mission where they have direct involvement. We can all be rocket scientists now, and that’s certainly not a little thing.

Rico says his father was a rocket scientist, before he became an oceanographer, but he never imagined this...