The Gang Slayer

True West magazine has an article by Bob Boze Bell about a famous, if little known, ambush:

December 19, 1854. Three American prospectors are traversing a miner’s trail in California’s Sierra Nevada Mountains: Captain Jonathan Davis, James McDonald, and Dr. Bolivar Sparks. As they walk up the trail, they are ambushed by a large gang of bandits (two Americans, one Frenchman, two Britons, four Mexicans, and five Sydney Ducks, members of an Australian gang of criminals wreaking havoc in San Francisco). This gang has been on a two-day violent crime spree, killing and robbing six Chinese and four Americans. Jumping out of the brush with pistols blazing, the outlaws cut down McDonald, who dies without drawing his weapon. Dr. Sparks yanks his six-shooter and gets off two shots before he is badly wounded and drops to the ground.
Captain Davis pulls two pistols and begins returning fire, dropping outlaws with almost every shot. Several outlaw balls rip through the captain’s clothing (a friend later counts six bullet holes in Davis’ hat). Despite his two slight flesh wounds, Captain Davis stands his ground, emptying both pistols with deadly accuracy. Seven of his attackers lay writhing and dying in front of him on the rocky terrain.
Four more robbers— all armed with Bowie knives, and one with a short sword— warily advance on the captain to finish him off. Davis pulls his own Bowie knife and engages the two leaders, stabbing one to death and knocking the knife out of the other’s grasp, a maneuver that slices off the leader’s nose and the finger on his right hand.
The last two attackers fare no better, as Captain Davis dispatches them both with ease (they are weakened by their wounds from previous raids). As the gunpowder and dust clears, one lone fighter has bested nearly a dozen of the worst “lawless ruffians” California has to offer, with seven of the would-be robbers dead and four desperately wounded (all four will die from their wounds). The three remaining outlaws flee for their lives.
Ignoring his own wounds, Captain Davis removes his shirt and tears it into strips to help bandage Dr. Sparks and the wounded robbers.
When three more armed men come up the trail, Davis leaps to McDonald’s body and retrieves his dead friend’s revolver, shouting: “Halt!” To his relief, the three turn out to be members of a mining hunting party camped a mile distant, on a creek running into the North Fork of the American River. While out hunting, they saw the entire fight from a nearby hilltop.
The bodies of the dead outlaws were searched, and the miners recovered $491 in gold and silver coins, four ounces of gold dust, and seven gold and two silver watches. At Captain Jonathan Davis’ request, the bounty was given to Dr. Bolivar Sparks.
Dr. Sparks was carried down the mountain by Captain Davis to the doctor’s home near Coloma, California, where he died from his wounds on 26 December.
Even though the fight garnered extensive coverage in the newspapers (eventually across the country), some doubters thought it too fantastic to be true. Stung by the criticism, Captain Davis challenged anyone to come along to Rocky Canyon, where he would show him or her the attackers’ graves. No one took him up on his offer.
Three months after the battle, Davis and three eyewitnesses to the fight— John Webster, Isaac Hart, and P.S. Robertson— appeared at the offices of the Mountain Democrat newspaper. Before Judge R.M. Anderson and a delegation of prominent citizens, the men presented written and verbal depositions of the fight, to everyone’s satisfaction.
Even though Captain Davis’ peers finally accepted his story, it’s hard to believe that, a hundred and sity years later, hardly anyone remembers the fight. That’s a shame. The incredible gunfight was rediscovered in the 1980s by researcher and author Bill Secrest Sr. With further research by John Boessenecker, the fight has a chance of reclaiming its rightful honor, Boessenecker states, as “the single most extraordinary feat of self-defense by an American civilian in the annals of frontier history.”

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