15 December 2015

2001: Leaning Tower of Pisa reopens

History.com has this for 15 December:


On this day in 2001, Italy’s Leaning Tower of Pisa reopened after a team of experts spent eleven years and nearly thirty million dollars to fortify the tower without eliminating its famous lean.
In the twelfth century, construction began on the bell tower for the cathedral of Pisa, a busy trade center on the Arno River in western Italy, some fifty miles from Florence. While construction was still in progress, the tower’s foundation began to sink into the soft, marshy ground, causing it to lean to one side. Its builders tried to compensate for the lean by making the top stories slightly taller on one side, but the extra masonry required only made the tower sink further. By the time it was completed in 1360, modern-day engineers say it was a miracle it didn’t fall down completely.
Though the cathedral itself and the adjoining baptistery also leaned slightly, it was the Torre Pendente di Pisa, or Leaning Tower of Pisa, that became the city’s most famous tourist attraction. By the twentieth century, the white marble tower leaned a dramatic fifteen feet off the perpendicular. In the year before its closing in 1990, a million people visited the old tower, climbing its three hundred weathered steps to the top and gazing out over the green Campo dei Miracoli (Field of Miracles) outside. Fearing it was about to collapse, officials appointed a group of fourteen archeologists, architects, and soil experts to figure out how to take some, but not all, of the famous tilt away.
Though an initial attempt in 1994 almost toppled the tower, engineers were eventually able to reduce the lean by nearly seventeen inches by removing earth from underneath the foundations. When the tower reopened on 15 December 2001, engineers predicted it would take three hundred years to return to its 1990 position. Though entrance to the tower is now limited to guided tours, hordes of tourists can still be found outside, striking the classic pose, standing next to the tower pretending to hold it up, as cameras flash.
Rico says it's yet another thing he hasn't seen (and probably won't)...

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