16 June 2015

Space for the day


Time has an article by Jeffrey Kluger about Saturn's most obscure moon:
The ice world Tethys (photo) shouldn’t be alive, but it’s a lovely thing for the solar system that it is, as a recently released picture from the Cassini spacecraft makes evocatively clear. Merely one of sixty-two confirmed or provisional moons orbiting Saturn, Tethys is easily the one with the most compelling life story.
For one thing, it is a good sister to the other moons in the Saturnian brood. At nearly seven hundred miles across, it’s the fifth largest of all of Saturn’s satellites and orbits at an altitude of just under two hundred thousand miles. But it does not fly alone. Its tiny siblings Telesto and Calypso—nineteen and sixteen miles respectively—fly with it, with Telesto in front, Calypso in the rear, and Tethys herding them along gravitationally like a mama duck.
Orbiting lower than Tethys, at a hundred and fifty thousand miles, is the fanciful Enceladus. Squeezed by the gravity of both Saturn below and Tethys and other moons above, Enceladus emits sparkling, ice plume volcanos, which leave bright tendrils behind it and continually fall back down to dust the moon’s face. The result is a world that has been eternally battered by incoming meteorites, but never shows the scars since, no sooner does one appear, than it is covered up.
Tethys enjoys no such cosmetic advantages. Nearly every one of the uncounted hits it has taken in its four-plus billion years of life is stamped in its face, giving the rocky, icy world an almost sponge-like appearance. On the moon’s eastern limb is the biggest scar of all, the crater Odysseus, which covers eighteen percent of Tethys’ surface. On the far-larger Earth, that would be the equivalent of a crater the size of Africa.
A crack that runs nearly three-quarters of the way around the moon suggests that it almost did not survive the collision. Had the projectile that caused the crater been just a little bigger or moved just a little faster, it would have murdered Tethys outright.
There’s no telling how many other moons in Saturn’s litter did suffer that fate. It is a matter of cosmic history that Tethys didn’t. And it’s a matter of cosmic fact that we have reason to be grateful.
Rico says we're lucky that big stuff, like the one that hit Tethys, has missed us, so far...

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