06 September 2011

While we're on evolution...

...The New York Times has an editorial on the 'Tree of Life' (some of which, in the human branches, still needs pruning):
How many species are there on this planet? In 1691, the scientist John Ray estimated that there were twenty thousand species of insects. His numbers were significantly off; at least a million insect species have been described so far. But he reached it the way most scientists still do, by extrapolating from the number of already known species. Three centuries later, there is still no scientific consensus on the total number of species. The most rigorous attempt at a statistical analysis of the problem, a recent study led by scientists at Dalhousie University, concludes that there are about 8.7 million species on Earth. The team analyzed the numerical relationship between species, genus, family, and order in well-studied life-forms, and used that pattern to estimate the number of species in categories of life that haven’t been well studied. Some scientists argue that that almost surely underestimates some lesser-known classes of life. Only some 1.25 million species have been described in the 253 years since Linnaeus devised the method we use to name them. This means that if there are, indeed, roughly 8.7 million species over all, nearly eighty percent of the species on Earth have not yet been discovered and described. According to the study, it would take another twelve hundred years to provide a scientific description of them all at our current pace. (The study estimates that it would take 303,000 taxonomists working full tilt at a cost of $364 billion just to provide the most basic scientific description of all the unknown species.) At the rate we are losing species, a huge number currently alive will have gone extinct in that time. And that 8.7 million? It doesn’t include the species of bacteria, which may number in the millions. It is the bare truth to say that,no matter how much we think we know about life on Earth, we know almost nothing.

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