When Anders Behring Breivik was not plotting mass murder and fine-tuning the bomb he detonated in Oslo last week, he was busy playing video games and blogging, listening to Euro pop and watching episodes of True Blood, except on Sunday nights, when he usually dined with his mother.Rico says the guy eats with his mother, has an avatar who's a 'busty female' while playing WoW, and buys six tons of fertilizer. He was, charitably, confused...
It was a parallel life he maintained meticulously in recent years. Former classmates and colleagues described him as unremarkable and easy to forget, qualities, perhaps in-born, that he cultivated— consciously, he would say— to mask his dedication to what he called his “martyrdom operation”.
For years, Breivik, who was 32, participated in debates in internet forums on the dangers of Islam and immigration. It is not clear at what point he decided that violence was the solution to the ills he believed were tearing European civilization asunder. Before the attacks that he has admitted mounting on government buildings and a children’s summer camp, he was careful never to telegraph his intentions.
“He didn’t say anything you could remember,” said Stig Fjellskaalnes, who knew Breivik when he was a member of Norway’s conservative Progress Party in the early 2000s. “He’s one of the crowd, if you know what I mean. You forget him.”
Yet it was about a decade ago that Breivik started to change. Once a schoolboy who was fond of hip-hop and had a Muslim best friend, in his twenties he began to view the immigrants who flowed freely into Norway and elsewhere in Europe as enemies, and those who sought to accommodate them as traitors, worthy only of execution.
“Around year 2000, I realized that the democratic struggle against the Islamization of Europe, European multiculturalism, was lost,” he wrote in a manifesto that he published on the web shortly before the attacks. “I decided to explore alternative forms of opposition. Protesting is saying that you disagree. Resistance is saying you will put a stop to this. I decided I wanted to join the resistance movement.”
With the 1,500-page manifesto, which he said took three years to complete, Breivik endeavored to find common cause with xenophobic right-wing groups around the world, particularly in the United States. He quoted extensively from the anti-Islam writings of American bloggers, and cut and pasted a whole section of the manifesto written by Theodore J. Kaczynski, known as the Unabomber, into his own, replacing “leftism” with “multiculturalism” as the object of aspersion.
“He had an apocalyptic view,” said Magnus Ranstorp, research director of the Center for Asymmetric Threat and Terrorism Studies at the Swedish National Defense College. “He thought it will take seventy to eighty years to reverse the ‘Arabization’ of Europe. He saw himself as a part of history.”
Early in life, Breivik, far from being a radical, appeared to be on a track to join Norway’s political establishment. He grew up in Skoyen, a middle-class district of western Oslo. His father, a civil servant, and mother, a nurse, divorced when he was one. Beyond that, his childhood seems to have been uneventful; Breivik said in his manifesto that it was happy. He attended the elite high school where the country’s current king, Harald V, and his son once studied. Former classmates remembered him as quiet but intelligent, with a small rebellious streak: he was a prolific graffiti artist.
Toward the end of high school, he joined the youth wing of the Progress Party, drawn to its anti-immigrant platform and market capitalist bent. But those who knew him from those days said that he failed to leave much of a mark. He began to struggle with life, those who knew him said. He became estranged from his father, who moved to France. Then his sister, Elisabeth, on whom he seemed to rely in his father’s absence, moved to the United States and married an American. “Elisabeth was his only rock in life,” said a former childhood friend, who would not give his name for fear of reprisals because he is not an ethnic Norwegian. “When Elisabeth left, it really affected him. I think that’s when Anders began to spiral.”
It was a time when, according to his manifesto, his political views began to transmute. He began to perceive what he said was the hostility of Muslim youth. He latched on to reports of attacks against ethnic Norwegian men and rapes of ethnic Norwegian women by immigrant gangs.
Dagbladet, a national newspaper, quoted an unnamed fellow student from Breivik’s high school days as saying that Breivik started showing an interest in far-right and neo-Nazi movements around the age of eighteen, in the late 1990s, and that he was rumored to have worked as a doorman or bouncer at neo-Nazi events. He would later become critical of neo-Nazi groups. Breivik wrote that the NATO bombing of Serbia in 1999 was a tipping point for him, describing the operation meant to halt a genocide as a betrayal of a fellow Christian people for the sake of Muslims. He spent the next decade slowly working out his plan, though few people, it seems, had any inkling of it. Four years ago, he joined the Norwegian Order of Freemasons. To gain admission, a man must be “known to have stability in his daily life,” said Ivar A. Skar, the group’s leader. “He has now been excluded, effective immediately,” Skar added.
To earn money for the attacks, he wrote that he had started a company that earned him millions. Neighbors cast doubt on this claim, however, saying that they thought he had inherited some money from relatives. As he went about gathering six tons of ammonium nitrate fertilizer and turning aspirin powder into pure acetylsalicylic acid for his bomb, he led an active life online, railing against Muslims and Marxists in debate forums. He once approached Hans Rustad, the editor of a popular conservative website called Document.no, with a proposal to create a pan-European movement modeled on Tea Party groups in the United States.
When not surfing conservative blogs, Breivik was fighting virtual demons, ogres, and other fantastical creatures in online role-playing games. He was a regular in talk forums for players of World of Warcraft, using a busty female as his avatar and the handle Conservatism.
Neighbors said that Breivik had been conspicuously absent from his family’s home in Oslo recently, raising suspicions because he had previously dropped by often to visit his mother for meals, Norwegian news outlets reported. The police say he rented a farm in eastern Norway not far from the capital and holed up there over the last several months to prepare his bomb. “The really dangerous guys hide their intentions,” Rustad said. “And that’s just what he did.”
27 July 2011
He loved his mother (of course)
Michael Schwirtz and Matthew Saltmarsh have an article in The New York Times about Breivik, the Norwegian killer:
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