Heidi is the proprietor of a bar in Detroit. In order to increase sales, she decides to allow her loyal customers— most of whom are unemployed alcoholics— to drink now but pay later. She keeps track of the drinks consumed on a ledger (thereby granting the customers loans). Word gets around about Heidi's drink-now-pay-later marketing strategy and as a result, increasing numbers of customers flood into Heidi's bar. Soon she has the largest sale volume for any bar in Detroit. By providing her customers freedom from immediate payment demands, Heidi gets no resistance when she substantially increases her prices for wine and beer, the most consumed beverages. Her sales volume increases massively.Rico says it's funny as hell, until you realize how true it is...
A young and dynamic vice-president at the local bank recognizes these customer debts as valuable future assets, and increases Heidi's borrowing limit. He sees no reason for undue concern since he has the debts of the alcoholics as collateral.
At the bank's corporate headquarters, expert traders transform these customer loans into DrinkBonds, AlkiBonds, and PukeBonds. These securities are then traded on security markets worldwide.
Naive investors don't really understand that the securities being sold to them as AAA secured bonds are really the debts of unemployed alcoholics. Nevertheless, their prices continuously climb, and the securities become the top-selling items for some of the nation's leading brokerage houses, who collect enormous fees on their sales, pay extravagant bonuses to their sales force, and who in turn purchase exotic sports cars and multimillion dollar condominiums.
One day, although the bond prices are still climbing, a risk manager at the bank (subsequently fired due to his negative attitude), decides that the time has come to demand payment on the debts incurred by the drinkers at Heidi's bar.
Heidi demands payment from her alcoholic patrons but, being unemployed, they cannot pay back their drinking debts. Therefore, Heidi cannot fulfill her loan obligations and claims bankruptcy.
DrinkBond and span style="font-style:italic;">AlkiBond drop in price by ninety percent. PukeBond performs better, stabilizing in price after dropping by eighty percent. The decreased bond asset value destroys the banks liquidity and prevents it from issuing new loans.
The suppliers of Heidi's bar, having granted her generous payment extensions and having invested in the securities, are faced with writing off her debt and losing over eighty percent on her bonds. Her wine supplier claims bankruptcy and her beer supplier is taken over by a competitor, who immediately closes the local plant and lays off fifty workers.
The bank and brokerage houses are saved by the Government following dramatic round-the-clock negotiations by leaders from both political parties. The funds required for this bailout are obtained by a tax levied on employed middle-class non-drinkers.
24 March 2009
That explains things
Courtesy of my friend Bill Champ, this explanation of derivatives and the collapse of the market:
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